Micro-RNA in Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy

Bile-duct cancers (BDC) are a group of solid tumors arising from the biliary tree. Despite their classification as rare cancers, incidence BDC is increasing worldwide. Poor prognosis common feature this type cancer and mainly determined by following factors: late diagnosis, lack effective therapeutic approaches, resistance to conventional treatments. In past few years, next-generation sequencing technologies has allowed us study genome, exome, transcriptome deeper, revealing previously underestimated class RNA: noncoding RNA (ncRNA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) small ncRNAs that play an important regulatory role in gene expression. The aberrant expression miRNAs pivotal oncogenes or tumor suppressors carcinogenesis been widely described BDC. Due ability regulate multiple networks, involved all hallmarks, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing/accessing vasculature, activating invasion metastasis, reprogramming cellular metabolism, avoiding immune destruction. Their use diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarkers explored several human Furthermore, miRNA-based strategies currently subject numerous clinical trials providing evidence efficacy potent anticancer agents. review, we will provide detailed update affecting BDC, discussing function processes underlying molecular pathology Finally, overview potential tools be further addressed.